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Grammar Section:
Sentence Structure:
Types of Clauses:
- Compound Clause
- Complex Clause
- Compound-Complex Clause
01. Compound Clause:
A compound sentence consists of 2 or 3 clauses. It is when simple sentences are joined together.
In this sentence structure, the clauses are joined with the following coordinating conjunctions:
F = for
A = and
N = nor
B = but
O = or
Y = yet
S = so
The word ‘fanboys’ is an easy way to remember the different conjuntions that make up compound sentences. Obviously the most common are ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’ and ‘so’.
Here are some examples of compound sentence structure:
Computers are important, but they can be dangerous too.
Formula = SV but SV
Computers are important, butthey can be dangerous too, sowemust be careful.
Formula = SV but SV so SV.
Avoid writing too many clauses as the sentence may get difficult to follow, and you cannot use each one more than once in a sentence to join clauses.
This is wrong:
Computers are used widely in most countries now, andthey are a sign of progress, and we must ensure everyones has access to them.
Incorrect formula = SV and SV and SV. X
Two possible corrected versions:
Computers are used widely in most countries now, andthey are a sign of progress. We must ensure everyones has access to them.
Formula = SV and SV. SV.
Computers are used widely in most countries now, andthey are a sign of progress, so must ensure everyones has access to them.
Formula = SV and SV so SV.
Using semicolons
There is an instance when you can have a compound sentence structure without a coordinating conjuntion, and this is when you join two clauses with a semicolon. It is used when two ideas are related.
For example:
Computers are used widely in most countires; they are a sign of progress.
02. Complex Clause:
Complex sentences are more complicated (which is maybe why they are called ‘complex’!).
This type of sentence structure is important for IELTS because to get awarded a band 6 or higher for your ‘grammatical range and accuracy’, you need to demonstrate that you are able to use them.
The more varied and the more accurate your complex sentences are, the higher the band score for this.
There are different types of complex sentences and these will be looked at in more detail later, so here you are just provided with the basics.
Complex sentences are two (or more) clauses joined together, but they are not joined by ‘fanboys’ (coordinating conjuntions). They are joined by subordinating conjuntions.
These are subordinating conjunctions:
after
although
as
as if
as long as
as much as
as soon as
as though
because
before
even if
even though
if
in order to
in case
once
since
so that
that
though
unless
until
when
whenever
whereas
where
wherever
while
For example:
People take natural health supplements even thoughthey may not have been tested.
Our children may not be properly educated if we don’t spend more on schools.
I went to bed as soon as he left because I was tired.
These are all adverbial clauses. In these types of complex sentence, the second clause can be used to start the sentence.
In this case, a comma is needed in the middle.
Even though they may not have been tested, people take natural health supplements.
If we don’t spend more on schools, our children may not be properly educated.
As soon as he left, I went to bed because I was tired.
Noun clauses and relative clauses are also a type of complex sentence structure, but these will be looked at later.
03. Compound-Complex Clause:
Compound-complex sentences are the same as complex sentences but they also have a simple (or compound) sentence before or after the ‘complex’ part.
For example:
I ate a lot when I got home, but I was still hungry.
The part that is underlined is the complex sentence. As you can see, it also has a simple sentences connected to it. It can also have a full compound sentence attached to it:
I ate a lot when I got home, but I was still hungry, so I went shopping to buy some more food.