{"id":2744,"date":"2019-03-29T20:12:41","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T15:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stvisapro.com\/?page_id=2744"},"modified":"2019-10-28T19:00:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-28T14:00:50","slug":"ielts-reading-task-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stvisapro.com\/index.php\/ielts-reading-task-2\/","title":{"rendered":"IELTS Reading Module"},"content":{"rendered":"

IELTS Reading Task 02:<\/span><\/h2>\n

IELTS Reading Tips: How can I improve my score (Part Two):<\/p>\n

Below are some IELTS reading tips about how you can improve your score. The tips include developing both IELTS reading exam skills and also improving your English.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Key words<\/strong>. Each question will have key words to help you locate the information in the passage and to spot the right answer. You should learn to spot key words and use them correctly. You should also check whether the key words can be paraphrased. You will soon learn to use key words correctly when you review your answers in practice reading lessons. Some key words are obvious, for instance names, dates, numbers, places etc. Other key words are more subtle.<\/li>\n
  2. Grammar<\/strong>. Question types such as summary completion and sentence completion require that the sentence is grammatically correct when you have put the answer in. This means that grammar can help you to spot the right answer. Many students post question on this blog asking me why one answer is correct and the other is not \u2013 the reason is often grammar related. You will see this when you do practice reading lessons.<\/li>\n
  3. Practice makes perfect<\/strong>. Unless you practice regularly, you won\u2019t improve. Here\u2019s a link to all my reading lessons for IELTS<\/a>. The lesson are useful for students taking both the GT test and academic test because they are aimed at building skills, understanding of question types and also vocabulary.<\/li>\n
  4. Getting used to difficult passages<\/strong>. If you have time before your test, you should be widening your reading skills and familiarity of complicated passages on a range of topics. \u00a0read the bbc news, the new scientist, the economist etc. Here\u2019s a link to a page with useful websites for IELTS<\/a>\u00a0which includes links to websites useful for reading.<\/li>\n
  5. IELTS Practice Reading Tests<\/strong>. You can find practice tests online for free (see my useful website page<\/a> for links)or you can buy the IELTS Cambridge Test books (number 10 is the most recent). You should use IELTS practice reading tests for two purposes:\n
      \n
    1. To develop your skills, practice different types of questions and enhance your vocabulary<\/li>\n
    2. To test yourself under exam conditions to check your score and check if you have developed or no<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Reading passage 02:<\/span><\/h2>\n
      \n

      This is the second section of your IELTS Academic Reading test. You should spend about twenty minutes on it. Read the passage and answer questions 14-26.<\/p>\n

      The Triune1<\/sup>\u00a0Brain<\/span><\/h6>\n

      The first of our three brains to evolve is what scientists call the reptilian cortex. This brain sustains the elementary activities of animal survival such as respiration, adequate rest and a beating heart. We are not required to consciously \u201cthink\u201d about these activities. The reptilian cortex also houses the \u201cstartle centre\u201d, a mechanism that facilitates swift reactions to unexpected occurrences in our surroundings. That panicked lurch you experience when a door slams shut somewhere in the house, or the heightened awareness you feel when a twig cracks in a nearby bush while out on an evening stroll are both examples of the reptilian cortex at work. When it comes to our interaction with others, the reptilian brain offers up only the most basic impulses: aggression, mating, and territorial defence. There is no great difference, in this sense, between a crocodile defending its spot along the river and a turf war between two urban gangs.<\/p>\n

      Although the lizard may stake a claim to its habitat, it exerts total indifference toward the well-being of its young. Listen to the anguished squeal of a dolphin separated from its pod or witness the sight of elephants mourning their dead, however, and it is clear that a new development is at play. Scientists have identified this as the limbic cortex. Unique to mammals, the limbic cortex impels creatures to nurture their offspring by delivering feelings of tenderness and warmth to the parent when children are nearby. These same sensations also cause mammals to develop various types of social relations and kinship networks. When we are with others of \u201cour kind\u201d \u2013 be it at soccer practice, church, school or a nightclub \u2013 we experience positive sensations of togetherness, solidarity and comfort. If we spend too long away from these networks, then loneliness sets in and encourages us to seek companionship.<\/p>\n

      Only human capabilities extend far beyond the scope of these two cortexes. Humans eat, sleep and play, but we also speak, plot, rationalise and debate finer points of morality. Our unique abilities are the result of an expansive third brain \u2013 the neocortex \u2013 which engages with logic, reason and ideas. The power of the neocortex comes from its ability to think beyond the present, concrete moment. While other mammals are mainly restricted to impulsive actions (although some, such as apes, can learn and remember simple lessons), humans can think about the \u201cbig picture\u201d. We can string together simple lessons (for example, an apple drops downwards from a tree; hurting others causes unhappiness) to develop complex theories of physical or social phenomena (such as the laws of gravity and a concern for human rights).<\/p>\n

      The neocortex is also responsible for the process by which we decide on and commit to particular courses of action. Strung together over time, these choices can accumulate into feats of progress unknown to other animals. Anticipating a better grade on the following morning\u2019s exam, a student can ignore the limbic urge to socialise and go to sleep early instead. Over three years, this ongoing sacrifice translates into a first class degree and a scholarship to graduate school; over a lifetime, it can mean ground-breaking contributions to human knowledge and development. The ability to sacrifice our drive for immediate satisfaction in order to benefit later is a product of the neocortex.<\/p>\n

      Understanding the triune brain can help us appreciate the different natures of brain damage and psychological disorders. The most devastating form of brain damage, for example, is a condition in which someone is understood to be brain dead. In this state a person appears merely unconscious \u2013 sleeping, perhaps \u2013 but this is illusory. Here, the reptilian brain is functioning on autopilot despite the permanent loss of other cortexes.<\/p>\n

      Disturbances to the limbic cortex are registered in a different manner. Pups with limbic damage can move around and feed themselves well enough but do not register the presence of their littermates. Scientists have observed how, after a limbic lobotomy2<\/sup>, \u201cone impaired monkey stepped on his outraged peers as if treading on a log or a rock\u201d. In our own species, limbic damage is closely related to sociopathic behaviour. Sociopaths in possession of fully-functioning neocortexes are often shrewd and emotionally intelligent people but lack any ability to relate to, empathise with or express concern for others.<\/p>\n

      One of the neurological wonders of history occurred when a railway worker named Phineas Gage survived an incident during which a metal rod skewered his skull, taking a considerable amount of his neocortex with it. Though Gage continued to live and work as before, his fellow employees observed a shift in the equilibrium of his personality. Gage\u2019s animal propensities were now sharply pronounced while his intellectual abilities suffered; garrulous or obscene jokes replaced his once quick wit. New findings suggest, however, that Gage managed to soften these abrupt changes over time and rediscover an appropriate social manner. This would indicate that reparative therapy has the potential to help patients with advanced brain trauma to gain an improved quality of life.<\/p>\n

      1\u00a0Triune = three-in-one<\/p>\n

      2 Lobotomy =\u00a0surgical cutting of brain nerves<\/p>\n

      \n
      Questions 14\u201322<\/span><\/h6>\n

      Classify the following as typical of the reptilian cortex<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      B<\/td>\nthe limbic cortex<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C<\/td>\nthe neocortex<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Answer A, B or C, to questions 14\u201322.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Questions<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      14) giving up short-term happiness for future gains<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      15) maintaining the bodily functions necessary for life<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      16) experiencing the pain of losing another<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      17) forming communities and social groups<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      18) making a decision and carrying it out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      19) guarding areas of land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      20) developing explanations for things<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      21) looking after one\u2019s young<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      22) responding quickly to sudden movement and noise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      Questions 23\u201326<\/span><\/h6>\n

      Complete the sentences below.<\/p>\n

      Use no more than two words from the passage for each answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Questions<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      23)\u00a0A person with only a functioning reptilian cortex is known as ……………<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      24) ……………\u00a0in humans is associated with limbic disruption.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      25)\u00a0An industrial accident caused Phineas Gage to lose part of his\u00a0……………<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      26)\u00a0After his accident, co-workers noticed an imbalance between Gage\u2019s …………… and higher-order thinking.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Remember, you have 60 minutes to complete the Reading test! You should spend about 20 minutes on each of the three sections.<\/p>\n

      – GO TO GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY SECTION<\/a><\/p>\n

      <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      IELTS Reading Task 02: IELTS Reading Tips: How can I improve my score (Part Two): Below are some IELTS reading tips about how you can improve your score. The tips include developing both IELTS reading exam skills and also improving your English. Key words. 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